Emo,
Best wishes with your research.
After Leolaia posted her article, I got to thinking (Thanks Leo. Your topics always force me into research and thinking harder about a subject.) about how I could possibly approach JWs in a logical manner concerning the cross vs.stake issue. So - I tried imagining myself as a Roman executioner in charge of the duties of crucifixion and all that it would entail.
Let's assume for a sec that Christ was to be executed on a stake. And that he is about 6 feet tall. With his hands above his head and his legs stretched out so that he is nailed through the top of his feet, he should be nearly 8 feet long. If he was nailed through the heel (with legs wrapped around the side of the pole) and the legs were bent, maybe a foot or so shorter.
There was an earthquake at his death severe enough that it tore the temple curtain and threw bodies out of their graves, but the 'stake' with the weight of Christ up in the air did not topple. So - the stake should be at least 3, if not 4 feet in the ground for stability.
Next, people were able to observe the crucifixion from afar and the Roman who tried to give him something to drink had to do so with a reed. So - he was up in the air possibly 3 or 4 feet off the ground.
There was a sign posted, not only above his head, but (as per JW lore) also above his upstretched hands; adding more length to this pole.
And to my knowledge, there were no kilns for drying wood in those days to make it lighter by moisture removal (Warning. They may have been drying their wood. I've just never read anything on it.) The most populous tree in the region was pine.
So - how much does a non-kiln-dried pine post of approximately 6 inches in diameter and about 15 to 16 feet (3' in the ground, 3' to Christ's feet, 7-8' for his body length, 1' for a sign above him) long weigh? Call your local lumberyard.
And after it's all over, someone has to pull this pole up out of a hole and transport not only it, but all poles from the days' executions back to the storage area for the next batch of convicted to carry them.
I often thought about this dirt fill-in when the WT described in the "Greatest Man' book how Christ was hoisted, pole and all and dropped into the hole. I can't see how this could be done without pushing dirt into the hole when you pushed the pole to the edge of the hole to be dropped in. Perhaps they hoisted the pole by some sort of crane device to avoid this problem, but that would mean more equipment for something that shouldn't take a lot of men and effort to accomplish. I suppose the same could be said of a crew needing a ladder and pulley system to hoist a man nailed to the crossbeam up into the air and having to climb back up to get him down. However, I found that easier than trying to lift a man, pole and all out of the ground together or else climbing a ladder to pull nails out of a victim and then using some sort of pulley system to lower him to the ground.
It just always seemed very inefficient to me. You pull a post up out the ground and dirt is sure to fall in on it. Do it enough times (and the Romans were busy, busy when it came to crucifixion) and your're going to have to redig your hole eventually to regain your lost depth. I believe I'd have been making a suggestion to my superior about an easier, more effecient way that accomplishes the same goal.
Always seemed simpler, lighter, and more effecient to carry the crossbeam rather the the whole 4 yards.